Benzoyl peroxide (BPO) is an over-the-counter topical that targets the causes of breakouts from multiple angles. It's an antibacterial and anti-inflammatory agent that helps clear acne by killing acne-causing bacteria and reducing clogged pores. Here's what it does:
- Antibacterial action: It delivers oxygen into pores, creating an environment where acne-causing bacteria (Cutibacterium acnes) struggle to survive. That's why it's effective on inflamed spots.
- Keratolytic/comedolytic effect: It gently loosens the "glue" between dead skin cells, helping to keep pores clear and reducing the chance of new comedones.
- Anti-inflammatory support: By reducing bacterial load and congestion, it calms the swelling and tenderness around red pimples.
"I usually recommend benzoyl peroxide for red, inflamed pimples—the kind that feel painful and have a little whitehead in the centre. It is excellent at reducing inflammation and killing acne-causing bacteria. If a patient has a mix of blackheads and inflamed acne, I might combine it with salicylic acid or a retinoid," says Dr. Sonavane.